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Viagra (Sildenafil citrate), which millions of men take for erectile dysfunction (ED), reduces the effects of hormonal stress on the heart by half, according to a study published online in the journal Circulation.
Viagra causes genital blood vessels to expand, which helps in maintaining an erection. Recent research also has pointed to its potential usefulness in treating pulmonary hypertension. Prior to the latest findings by a team of Johns Hopkins researchers, it was thought to have little effect on the heart.
Viagra, or sildenafil, blunts the strengthened heart beat caused by chemically induced stress, according to study senior author and cardiologist David Kass, MD, a professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and its Heart Institute. It thereby lessens both the excess amount of blood and the force used to pump it to the body.
"Sildenafil effectively puts a 'brake' on chemical stimulation of the heart," says Kass.
Prevents and Reverses Effects of High BP
These findings are believed to be the first confirmation in humans that Viagra has a direct effect on the heart. In earlier research, Kass and his team observed a similar effect in mice; Sildenafil blocked the short-term effects of hormonal stress in the heart.
Related studies by the group show that sildenafil also prevents and reverses the long-term effects of chronic high blood pressure on the heart.
Sildenafil reversed the negative effects on heart muscle weakened by heart failure and enlargement -- a condition called hypertrophy -- in mouse experiments Kass and his team carried out earlier this year. They reported their results in the journal Nature Medicine.
"But we had no firm evidence as to whether or how this therapy might work in the human heart," says Kass. "Our latest research provides firm evidence this drug does indeed have an important impact on the heart."
Increased Heartbeat Was Slowed
Thirty-five healthy men and women, with an average age of 30 and no previous signs of coronary artery disease, participated in the six-month Johns Hopkins study. Within a three-hour timeframe, each participant received two separate injections of dobutamine (5 micrograms per kilogram for five minutes), a synthetic, adrenaline-like chemical that increases heart rate and pumping strength.
Between injections, study participants were assigned randomly to a group that was treated with sildenafil (100 milligrams taken orally) or to a group given a sugar pill placebo. All participants then were given the second dobutamine injection to see what effects sildenafil or placebo had on the heart.
Measurements of heart function were made before and after each injection. These included blood pressure readings, electrocardiograms and echocardiograms. Blood samples confirmed relatively equal levels of sildenafil and other enzymes.
Each dobutamine injection stimulated heart function, increasing heart rate and the force of each heartbeat used to pump blood throughout the body, results showed.
"This stimulation is similar to the way the nervous system normally increases heart function when triggered by emotional or exercise stress, or in diseases such as heart failure," notes Kass.
After the first injection of dobutamine, the force of heart contraction increased by 150 percent in both groups. In the placebo group, this increase repeated itself after the second injection. However, in the group treated with sildenafil, the increased heartbeat was slowed by 50 percent, resulting in a smaller increase in blood flow and blood pressure generated by the heart in response to chemical stimulation.
Between injections, heart function was not altered in the sildenafil group, demonstrating the absence of adverse side effects on the resting human heart.
Stops PDE5A Action
"Knowing more about the effects of sildenafil on heart function will allow for safer evaluation of its use as a treatment for heart problems," says Kass.
"Our results set the stage for further studies of sildenafil's immediate and long-term effects on the heart and its ability to modify other neurohormonal and stress stimuli, including adrenaline and hypertension," he adds.
While the precise biological actions of sildenafil in the heart are not fully understood, the drug is known to work by stopping the action of an enzyme, called phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5A), Kass explains. This enzyme is involved in the breakdown of a key molecule, cyclic GMP, which helps control stresses and limit overgrowth in the heart.
PDE5A is also the biological pathway that sildenafil blocks in the penis to prevent the relaxation of blood vessels and thus maintain erections.
Copyright 2005 Daily News Central
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Health has always been the matter of priority and also of concern for people in all walks of life. Because no achievement can spell success and no pleasure can spread happiness if all’s not well with our health. Our body, in addition to physical and psychological well-being also stresses on a good sexual health for the overall personification. But it is a sad fact that millions of men in the world, approximately 35% suffer from sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction in men may be related to various psychological stress factors or lifestyle factors. But the dominant factor is mostly physiological conditions like impotence.
Impotence, medically termed erectile dysfunction is the physical condition when a man’s sex organ becomes ineffectual to perform a sexual act, to satisfy his sexual urge or that of his partner. Though recent studies have shown that erectile dysfunction is not age-related and can be treated at any age, the prominent physical cause arteriosclerosis, or the hardening of the arteries are at greater risks in older men. Hardening of penile arteries restricts the free flow of blood thus preventing an erection on sexual arousal. It can also be caused due to chronic diseases like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, liver, heart diseases and even obesity. This sexual dysfunction in men which has been the bone of content in the breaking up of many relationships can now be treated by medicinal therapy, most popular as Viagra.
Viagra is the pioneer drug in the treatment of erectile dysfunction approved by the FDA in 1998. Although several other drugs in this category has since then been introduced, Viagra has managed to reign supreme in building trust with its consumers; thanks to Pfizer’s publicized marketing skills and its competitive cheaper price. But all credit for the effective values of Viagra can be conferred to its active chemical component – Sildenafil citrate. It works by releasing nitric oxide which helps in relaxing the smooth muscles of the penis, thus improving the flow of blood facilitating an erection. A normal dosage of Viagra taken an hour before sexual activity enhances performance lasting 4 hours. But it is strictly recommended to use Viagra only under prescription from a physician.
You can consult your doctor seeking preventive measures against drug interaction and side-effects prior to using Viagra. Moreover, there are innumerable websites providing Viagra online information on the latest studies, research analysis and even free consultation by experts. It has also become easier to buy Viagra from online pharmacies other than over-the-counter pharmacies. Online pharmacies even quote competitive prices but also ‘be wary’ of spurious drugs and buy Viagra only after checking the authenticity of the dealer. In this fast developing world potency guaranteed by Viagra is just a click away. So order Viagra with the click of a mouse in the privacy of your home, and say goodbye to impotence.
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The most exciting event in Slovenia last week was when a group of young army recruits spat on the national flag and sang the anthem of the now defunct former Yugoslavia. They were sent to a military psychiatrist for observation. Indeed, economically speaking, a preference for any other part of the late Federation over Slovenia would indicate mental deformity.
Slovenia is by far the most prosperous and pacific of the lot. Income per capita increased by 7% between 1995-2000 and reached 75% of the EU's average. Yugoslavia and Macedonia would require half a century to reach this level at current growth rates. Slovenia's public debt is negligible (c. 26% of GDP), its unemployment rate is almost American (less than 7%), its budget deficit a mere 1.4% of GDP. Slovenia's gross national savings is almost a quarter of its GDP - as is its gross domestic investment (28%).
It is a respected member of both the World Bank and the IMF. The former has disbursed c. $250 million for purposes such as structural reforms and environmental cleanups. The latter praises its monetary targeting, the managed float of its tolar, and the lack of major (budget and current account) imbalances. This, despite erratic monetary management by the Bank of Slovenia, which, together with the introduction of VAT, the oil price shock, and a totally CPI-indexed financial environment, led to escalating inflation (c. 9% annually, up from 6%).
Thus, should Slovenian officials fail in their efforts to secure agricultural and regional development concessions from their counterparts in Brussels, Slovenia runs the risk of becoming a net creditor of the EU. Slovenia, contrary to most other current members, is openly unhappy with the "Big Bang" enlargement of the Union. It has successfully concluded 22 out 29 chapters to be agreed with the EU prior to accession and it is afraid of being held back by an unrealistic, politically motivated, process of enlargement which will stress the EU's deficient institutions to their breaking point.
Slovenia is small. It is the size of pre-1967 Israel or New Jersey. With less than 2 million citizens (88% of which are ethnic Slovene), its population grows by a paltry 0.14% p.a. Still, had it not constituted the northern boundary of a war prone and unstable region, Slovenia might have attracted more FDI (it has one of the lowest rates among the candidate countries), bordering as it does and integrated as it is with the (relatively) large and disinflated economies of Italy, Hungary, and Austria. Many Slovenes actually live in Jorg Haider's part of Austria (Carinthia). Italians owned property (confiscated by the communists) in Slovenia before the Second World War (the source of a simmering grudge in Italy). Italians, Austrians, and Germans invest in Slovenian banks, insurance companies, and industry. Together with Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic (among others), it is a member of the now reawakened CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement). Only 4% of Slovenia's GDP derives from agriculture (vs. 61% from services). Still, Slovenia, to its great ire, is often associated with the Balkan.
But the bad neighborhood is not the only obstacle. Slovenia's privatization was as crony-infested as elsewhere in the Eastern Bloc and its legislation still incorporates investment-deterring anachronisms (restricted land and media ownership, an over-regulated labour market, lack of corporate governance). Capital account liberalization was implemented only recently. Close to half of the economy (including a chunk of the favoritism-ridden and inefficient banking system) is in the hands of the state. The private sector, though, is thriving. Growth rates (4% this year) are double the European average and GDP per capita is almost equal to Greece's or Portugal's.
Slovenia's international trade amounts to 60% of its GDP. Two thirds of it is with the EU (half of this with Germany and Austria, the former colonial mater). Its trade with Russia, the USA (3% of the total each), and even with other republics of the disintegrated Yugoslavia is marginal. It still purchases raw materials from Macedonia and Yugoslavia - and sells back to them the finished products (as it used to do in former Yugoslavia). But this does not amount to much. The decoupling is intentional - Slovenia considers itself an integral part of Western Europe. All it inherited from Communism, it feels, was polluted rivers and coastal water, acid rain, and depleted forests. Still, such exposure to the EU makes Slovenia susceptible to the Union's business cycles. Shortsightedly perhaps, it does not have a trade representation or an economic attaché in the USA.
Of all its erstwhile confederates, Slovenia maintains tenuous political contacts only with Croatia. It just resolved a long standing dispute with Croatia regarding the Krsko nuclear power plant. Both countries agreed to continue discussions regarding the final demarcation of the hotly disputed (in Slovenia) border between the two countries as a prelude to the introduction of the Schengen agreement. Overtures are made to post-Milosevic Yugoslavia. Slovene legislation is eagerly copied by Macedonia. Gradually, albeit reluctantly, Slovenia comes to be regarded as a role model by its southern neighbors who strive to emulate its success.
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In a previous article "The Joys Of Self Pleasure" I gave you tips on how to have a relaxing time with masturbation. Let me just say that I feel sex and masturbation are both a part of a healthy lifestyle. Having said that, I also believe that sex toys can be a great means of pleasure and can really enhance ones lovemaking. So today I want to tell you about one vibrator that gets used regularly in this household. This is a vibrator you can use when you are alone, or together with your partner during sex. Which by the way, is one of the reasons it gets used so often. I'm speaking of The Jack Rabbit. Nooo not the fury little critter we see at Easter, but a jelly-coated, multi colored, multi speed powerhouse of sexual pleasure.
The Jack Rabbit Vibrator was chosen as the best vibrator of 40 different vibrators on the Playboy TV's "Sexcetera". Charlotte was addicted to it on HBO's "Sex and the City", and it was selected as the best vibrator on a New York radio station when pitted against the Hitachi Magic Wand.
The Rabbit Vibrator is designed especially with the needs of women in mind. For this reason they stand out as one of the best and top selling sex toys for women, and purchased by women. Now, if you are wondering why someone who is happily married would have a Jack Rabbit Vibrator, you haven't had the pleasure of it's vibrations and gyrations yet. ;-)
The Rabbit Vibrator has three main parts. First a rotating or gyrating penis shaped shaft to give it a realistic feeling. Some Rabbit Vibrators have metal or plastic beads embedded in the shaft that vibrate or rotate. The beads rotate and vibrate massaging the vaginal muscles during orgasm. This really helps to enhance the feeling of an orgasm. And I mean REALLY Enhance! These beads or "pleasure pearls" as they are called are found only on a Rabbit Vibrator.
Then there are the "bunny ears". These "ears" flicker from the vibrations. They stimulate the clitoris while the shaft of the vibrator is inserted vaginally. This once again is perfect for women as it has been long proven that women experience easier and stronger orgasms if during penetration the clitoris is stimulated at the same time. The Jack Rabbit Vibrator does just that! And they do it very well!
Rabbit Vibrators have a turbo powered dual controller. An independent control for the 'rabbit ears', and one for the speed and swing of the vibrator shaft. This allows for a totally unique sexual experience for each woman, as sexual arousal is different for each of us. When all of these features work their magic together it is like the excitement of being on the largest roller coaster in the world. Can you just imagine all of that pleasure! WOW!
All I can tell you is how much I love my Jack Rabbit and if you haven't had the pleasure of the Rabbit's vibrations and gyrations yet and you're looking for a vibrator made especially for women, the Rabbit Vibrator is IT! The Rabbit Vibrator - A Girl's Best Friend!
Good Vibrations!
Marie Clare
Relationship Consultant & Author
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Rosacea is a chronic, lifelong skin condition that affects (most often) the face. The disease is common: approximately 1 in every 20 Americans has rosacea. Women are affected more often in the early stages (flushing and erythrosis), but more men progress to the advanced stages and rhinophyma is seen almost exclusively in men over 40 years of age.
Rosacea is characterized by various skin disorders and sufferers must contend with skin flushing, erythrosis (reddish or purplish discoloration of the skin), teleangiectasia (permanent enlargement of small blood vessels), papulopustular rosacea (papules are small, red, raised bumps; pustules are similar but they contain pus) or rhinophyma (enlarged, red, swollen nose) and for many people, some of these signs and symptoms are very common; approximately 94% of people with rosacea have flushing. These attacks last from a few minutes to several hours, and the flushing seen in rosacea is intermittent in nature. The disease, to a greater or lesser degree, is progressive, and the more pronounced skin lesions will usually follow sporadic episodes of flushing.
The exact cause of rosacea has not been determined, but here are many theories. Exposure to the sun may be one factor, and exposure to the sun can precipitate acute episodes of flushing. Another possible cause are skin mites, Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis. These tiny insects usually live at the base of hair follicles. They are often found on the faces of people with rosacea, and it has been suggested that they may initiate an inflammatory reaction (Inflammation dilates blood vessels and this contributes to the flush, and it may also damage the blood vessels, causing them to be permanently dilated). Infection with the common bacteria, Helicobacter pylori, has also been suggested as a cause. There may also be genetic defects in the vasculature of the skin that causes hem to become easily - and permanently - dilated.
The signs and symptoms of rosacea are not dangerous, but they can be uncomfortable, unsightly, and disfiguring. (However, rosacea can affect the eyes. Approximately 3% to 58% of patients with skin changes will have eye problems and rosacea keratitis can lead to blindness). Yet although there is no cure for rosacea, the disease can be managed. Topical medication, oral medications and laser therapy can all be used to control flushing and to remove some of the skin blemishes, swollen blood vessels and discoloration. However, it would be far more preferable to prevent outbreaks of flushing and the development of erythrosis and papulopustular lesions. It is well known that there are certain factors - sunlight, stress, heat - that can trigger rosacea signs and symptoms, and food has been identified as a trigger.
What foods have been implicated as causes of rosacea signs and symptoms? The list is long, and there is obviously individual variations in susceptibility: high doses of B6 and B12, chocolate, tomatoes, hot beverages, hot sausage, red pepper, black pepper, vinegar, paprika, white pepper, garlic, wine, hard liquor, beer, cheese, yogurt, sour cream, milk, citrus fruits, eggplants, avocadoes, spinach, raisins, figs, bananas, and marinated meat.
Why do these foods exacerbate rosacea? No one knows for sure, and given the fact that the exact cause of rosacea hasn't been clearly determined, that's not surprising. However a look at the pathophysiology of rosacea may provide some clues.
The flush that is so common in people with roseacea is caused by dilation of the small blood vessels of the face. Why this occurs is not certain. The blood vessels may be genetically weak, or they may be damaged by years of exposure to the sun. There may also be an increase in the number of blood vessels, or there may be damage to the walls of the blood vessels. Whatever the cause, the blood vessels (which in the face are very close to the surface) dilate. Many of the foods that trigger flushing attacks most likely do so by increasing body temperature, and in order to lose body heat, blood vessels dilate. Others may cause flushing by stimulating the release of histamine. This is a naturally occurring substance that dilates blood vessels and some foods, e.g. beer and citrus fruits may stimulate the release of histamine.
